The United States is intensifying its efforts to promote American nuclear technology in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Shawna J. Wilson recently engaged with Armenian and Kazakh officials to explore collaboration opportunities. These discussions follow recent agreements, including a February deal with Armenia and a 2025 training pact with Kazakhstan. The focus remains on small modular reactors (SMRs), which the US believes can support clean energy goals.
In Kazakhstan, Wilson highlighted the country’s participation in the US-led FIRST program, which aids in developing nuclear energy programs. Both nations expressed interest in deepening cooperation, despite Kazakhstan’s existing plans to build large-scale facilities with Russian and Chinese firms. Meanwhile, in Armenia, Wilson met with officials overseeing the country’s nuclear development. Armenia is seeking to replace its aging Metsamor plant, a project that has drawn competition between Russia and the US.
Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan initially showed interest in SMRs but later suggested they may not align with Armenia’s needs, seemingly giving Russia an edge. However, officials from Armenia have indicated that the US could still play a role in the country’s nuclear future. The US strategy emphasizes capacity-building and safe operation of nuclear facilities, aiming to position itself as a reliable partner in the region’s energy transition.
The US’s push reflects broader geopolitical ambitions, leveraging nuclear technology as a tool for influence. While challenges remain, the US continues to seek partnerships that align with its strategic interests and clean energy objectives. The outcomes of these efforts could reshape the nuclear landscape in the region, with significant implications for both energy security and international relations.